1.3. Unit Testing

LongInteger: unit tests.

Test: LongInteger()

Let us create a testing class called LongIntegerTest and make a unit test for the constructors:

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

public class LongIntegerTest {
    @Test
    public void testConstructors() {
        // default constructor
        assertEquals("0", new LongInteger().toString());

        // constructor with a string parameter
        assertEquals("12", new LongInteger("12").toString());
        assertEquals("34", new LongInteger("+34").toString());
        assertEquals("-56", new LongInteger("-56").toString());
        assertEquals("-0", new LongInteger("-0").toString());

        // copy constructor
        assertEquals("12", new LongInteger(new LongInteger("12")).toString());
        assertEquals("-34", new LongInteger(new LongInteger("-34")).toString());
    }
}

• L6: the @Test annotation indicates that this method is used for unit testing.

• L7: methods used for unit testing must be public.

• L8: tests the default constructor

  • assertEquals(): compares two parameters where the left parameter is the expected value and the right parameter is the actual value.

• L12-15: tests the constructor with a string parameter.

• L18-19: tests the copy constructor.

When should we use import static instead of import?

When you run this test, you see a prompt similar to the followings:

Tests passed: 1 of 1 test

Test: multiply()

Let us define another method for testing the multiply() method:

@Test
public void testMultiply() {
    LongInteger a = new LongInteger("123456789");

    a.multiply(new LongInteger("1"));
    assertEquals("123456789", a.toString());

    a.multiply(new LongInteger("-1"));
    assertEquals("-123456789", a.toString());

    a.multiply(new LongInteger("-1234567890123456789"));
    assertEquals("152415787517146788750190521", a.toString());

    a.multiply(new LongInteger("0"));
    assertEquals("0", a.toString());

    a.multiply(new LongInteger("-0"));
    assertEquals("-0", a.toString());
}

• L11-12: a can hold the integer 152415787517146788750190521 ($\approx 2^{87}$), which is much larger than the maximum value of long that is $2^{63}-1$.

Test: compareTo()

Let us define a method for testing the compareTo() method:

@Test
public void testCompareTo() {
    assertTrue(0 < new LongInteger("0").compareTo(new LongInteger("-0")));
    assertTrue(0 > new LongInteger("-0").compareTo(new LongInteger("0")));

    assertTrue(0 < new LongInteger("12").compareTo(new LongInteger("-34")));
    assertTrue(0 > new LongInteger("-12").compareTo(new LongInteger("34")));

    assertTrue(0 > new LongInteger("-34").compareTo(new LongInteger("12")));
    assertTrue(0 < new LongInteger("34").compareTo(new LongInteger("-12")));
}

• assertTrue(): passes if the parameter returns true.

Unit testing provides an effective way of ensuring the correctness of your program. Making a unit test for every method is standard practice, although this standard is often dismissed due to time pressure.